Wildfire smoke threatens respiratory health: how to stay safe

This year’s wildfire season has been particularly severe, with August emerging as the worst month yet, causing significant health concerns for people with chronic lung diseases and even affecting healthy individuals, according to Anindita Chowdhury, MultiCare Lead Pulmonologist.

“Over the last few years, we’ve seen an increase in symptoms among our chronic lung disease patients during wildfire season,” Chowdhury said. “The main symptoms are increased shortness of breath, more coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness — the feeling that they’re not getting a full breath. Some also experience nasal congestion and drainage.”

For some patients, these symptoms become severe enough to require emergency medical treatment.

Chowdhury explained the effects extend beyond those with pre-existing conditions.

“Even healthy individuals can start having issues because of the reactions that occur when inhaling particulate matter from wildfire smoke. But it’s more severe for people with chronic lung diseases like asthma and COPD. We start seeing flare-ups, which over time can cause a decline in lung function.”

The cumulative impact of repeated wildfire seasons can worsen lung capacity, Chowdhury added, emphasizing the importance of preventing flare-ups.

She outlined several preventive measures: “First, monitor the air quality index closely. If the air quality is poor, limit outdoor activities and stay indoors as much as possible. When going outside during high pollution days, wear an N95 mask, which is effective at filtering the fine particles and toxic gases present in wildfire smoke.”

Chowdhury also stressed the importance of hydration and limiting physical exertion outdoors. “Staying hydrated helps flush toxins from your system, and it’s better to exercise indoors to avoid breathing in polluted air,” she said.

For those already diagnosed with asthma or COPD, Chowdhury advised, “Use your maintenance inhalers consistently throughout the wildfire season and keep rescue inhalers handy. If symptoms worsen, don’t hesitate to contact your healthcare provider early.”

Chowdhury noted that some patients with sleep apnea should clean their CPAP machines regularly and use air conditioning in recirculation mode to minimize smoke intake. “HEPA filters can also be helpful, especially for severe asthma patients,” she said.

Local healthcare providers have been working to improve care amid rising wildfire concerns. “We’re catching flare-ups earlier and treating patients sooner, which has led to fewer hospitalizations compared to three years ago,” Chowdhury said. “Our lung clinic has expanded, adding more space and staff to accommodate urgent visits, not just during wildfire season but year-round.”

She encouraged patients not to delay seeking medical advice. “If your symptoms are progressing or you feel you need extra care or counseling, reach out to your primary doctor or pulmonologist. Prevention is better than hospitalization.”

As wildfire seasons grow more intense, Chowdhury’s message is clear: awareness, proactive treatment, and protective measures are critical to managing health risks associated with wildfire smoke.