Hidden barriers: obesity bias in hypertension treatment

Olenski AR, Zimerman A, Coussens S, Jena AB. Behavioral heuristics in coronary-artery bypass graft surgery. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:778–9.
Google Scholar
Avorn J. The psychology of clinical decision making — implications for medication use. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:689–91.
Google Scholar
Andreyeva T, Puhl RM, Brownell KD. Changes in perceived weight discrimination among Americans, 1995–1996 through 2004–2006. Obesity. 2008;16:1129–34.
Google Scholar
Schwartz MB, Chambliss HO, Brownell KD, Blair SN, Billington C. Weight bias among health professionals specializing in obesity. Obes Res. 2003;11:1033–9.
Google Scholar
Puhl RM, Latner JD, King KM, Luedicke J. Weight bias among professionals treating eating disorders: Attitudes about treatment and perceived patient outcomes. Int J Eating Disorders. 2014;47:65–75.
Google Scholar
Brown I. Nurses’ attitudes towards adult patients who are obese: literature review. J Adv Nurs. 2006;53:221–32.
Google Scholar
Sabin JA, Marini M, Nosek BA. Implicit and explicit anti-fat bias among a large sample of medical doctors by BMI, Race/Ethnicity and gender. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e48448.
Google Scholar
Puhl RM, Heuer CA. The stigma of obesity: a review and update. Obesity. 2009;17:941–64.
Google Scholar
Telo GH, Friedrich Fontoura L, Avila GO, Gheno V, Bertuzzo Brum MA, Teixeira JB, et al. Obesity bias: How can this underestimated problem affect medical decisions in healthcare? A systematic review. Obes Rev. 2024;25:e13696.
Google Scholar
Alessi J, de Oliveira GB, Erthal IN, Teixeira JB, Scherer GDLG, Jaeger EH, et al. Diabetes and obesity bias: are we intensifying the pharmacological treatment in patients with and without obesity with equity? Diabetes Care. 2021;44:e206–8.
Google Scholar
Tsimihodimos V, Gonzalez-Villalpando C, Meigs JB, Ferrannini E. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Hypertension. 2018;71:422–8.
Google Scholar
Vargas-Uricoechea H, Cáceres-Acosta MF. Control of blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Open Med. 2018;13:304–23.
Google Scholar
Marx N, Federici M, Schütt K, Müller-Wieland D, Ajjan RA, Antunes MJ, et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Eur Heart J. 2023;44:4043–140.
Google Scholar
Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61:344–9.
Google Scholar
Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894:1–253. i–xii
ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Bannuru RR, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Das SR, et al. 10. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of care in diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47:S179–218.
Google Scholar
Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunstr M, Burnier M, Grassi G, Januszewicz A, et al. 2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension [Internet]. 2023. Available from: www.jhypertension.com.
Maggio CA, Pi-Sunyer FX. Obesity and type 2 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2003;32:805–22.
Google Scholar
Seravalle G, Grassi G. Obesity and hypertension. Pharmacol Res. 2017;122:1–7.
Google Scholar
Kim MS, Kim WJ, Khera AV, Kim JY, Yon DK, Lee SW, et al. Association between adiposity and cardiovascular outcomes: an umbrella review and meta-analysis of observational and Mendelian randomization studies. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:3388–403.
Google Scholar
Brunström M, Carlberg B. Effect of antihypertensive treatment at different blood pressure levels in patients with diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ. 2016;352:i717.
Google Scholar
Rosen AB, Schneider EC. Colorectal cancer screening disparities related to obesity and gender. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19:332–8.
Google Scholar
Østbye T, Taylor DH, Yancy WS, Krause KM. Associations between obesity and receipt of screening mammography, Papanicolaou tests, and influenza vaccination: results from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) Study. Am J Public Health. 2005;95:1623–30.
Google Scholar
Puhl RM, Brownell KD. Confronting and coping with weight stigma: an investigation of overweight and obese adults. Obesity. 2006;14:1802–15.
Google Scholar
Bocquier A, Verger P, Basdevant A, Andreotti G, Baretge J, Villani P, et al. Overweight and obesity: knowledge, attitudes, and practices of general practitioners in France. Obes Res. 2005;13:787–95.
Google Scholar
Sutin AR, Stephan Y, Terracciano A. Weight discrimination and risk of mortality. Psychol Sci. 2015;26:1803–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615601103.
Google Scholar
link